Skill-based, rule-based and knowledge-based behaviours (Rasmussen) are best distinguished as:Effective methods of managing fatigue include:Strategies to maintain and enhance situational awareness include:The cultural aspects of authority gradients are that:Special perceptual problems of water operations include:Effective communication between flight crew and cabin crew is managed by:Problems that can arise from status or seniority differences and lack of assertiveness include:Ideal leadership characteristics in a flight crew include:Steep and shallow approach angles affect the pilot's visual perception of the runway in that:Suitable sunglasses for flying should:Problems associated with the presentation and misinterpretation of alerts include:The three parts of the ear and their main components are:'Chunking' as a method of retaining information means:Breathing is regulated primarily by:The key reasons for a safety reporting system within an aviation organisation are:The role of a human factors programme in flight operations requiring a CPL is to:'Mental workload' is best described as:With regard to diet, exercise and obesity:A 'sterile cockpit' policy means that:In a professional aviation context, 'professionalism' is best described as:Arterial disease and high blood pressure affect pilot performance because:CRM countermeasures assist threat and error management because:To protect night vision adaptation a pilot should:Circadian rhythms affect pilot performance such that:Problems that arise from an authority gradient that is too steep or too shallow include:The commonly recommended minimum intervals between SCUBA diving and flying are:Communication between flight crew and company personnel (operations, dispatch, management) should be managed so that:At sea level the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere and in the alveoli of the lungs is approximately:Fog, haze or dust reduce the apparent clarity of objects, which creates the illusion that:Methods of detecting error in the aviation system include:The advantages and disadvantages of working in an automated cockpit are:Mnemonics and verbal or visual associations aid memory by:Which body regions are affected by barotrauma, and in which phase of flight is each mainly a problem?Hearing is best protected in the cockpit by:The process of acquiring a skill typically progresses through:The effect of introversion, extraversion and anxiety on group decision making is that:The elements of a positive safety culture are:Checklists play an especially important role in which phases of flight?'Get-home-itis' (press-on-itis) is dangerous because:If a person becomes airsick in flight, the appropriate treatment is to:Internal hazard reporting is relevant because:Which statement correctly distinguishes the rod and cone cells of the retina?'Risk shift', 'conformity' and 'compliance' refer to:Anthropometry is relevant to flight deck design because:Slips, lapses, mistakes and violations are distinguished as follows:A fundamental limitation of the semicircular canals is that:Alcohol affects pilot performance by:The basic principles of survival can be summarised as:Signs of flight anxiety in a passenger include:Emotional factors such as depression and anxiety affect pilot performance because:The effects of circadian dysrhythmia (jet lag) and the methods of managing it are:The five hazardous attitudes and their antidotes are:In threat and error management, a 'threat' is:Before flying while taking an over-the-counter medication, a pilot should consider that:Vision and the kinaesthetic (body) senses interact in maintaining spatial orientation such that:The biological effects of shift work can be minimised by:The optical characteristics of an aircraft windshield can affect vision because:A runway that is narrower (or longer and narrower) than the pilot is used to creates the illusion that:Principles of good rostering practice include:In the FDODAR decision-making model the first step is:Techniques to reduce communication barriers include:Dark adaptation is the process by which:The human sensors pilots depend on for information acquisition are:The relationship between hypoxia onset and vision and cognitive performance is that:The physiological processes underlying circadian rhythms include:The principal limitations of memory are that:The elements of an effective checklist are that it:A pilot's responsibility for medical fitness includes:Factors that increase an individual's susceptibility to disorientation include:Symptoms of barotrauma affecting the middle ear typically include:Individuals differ in the effect of a given amount of alcohol because of:Normal and emergency checklists differ in that:

Home / CPL exams / Human Factors

Commercial Pilot Licence · Subject 34, AC61-5

NZ CPL Human Factors exam.

The CPL Human Factors exam goes well past the PPL definitions. Forty questions in 90 minutes on the full Subject 34 syllabus: professionalism and responsibility, the human factors models and programmes, the physiology in depth, information processing, situational awareness, threat and error management, culture, and the design of controls, displays, documents and procedures. Our bank has 339 questions and covers all 33 sub-topics.

40questions90minutes70%pass mark339in the bank

277syllabus items tested · the questions in the background are from the bank

Sit a CPL Human Factors exam · $9.99 The CPL exams, explained

Try three

The mechanism, the countermeasure.

CPL Human Factors asks for mechanisms and countermeasures, not just definitions. These three are error detection, positive G and the circulation; the de-brief below is on stress, which the CPL exam covers in more depth than the PPL did.

Answer each one and you see what the de-brief shows after a paid exam: the correct option, the reasoning and the syllabus item it came from.

0 of 3 answered

CPL · Syllabus 34.52.14Question 1 / 3

Methods of detecting error in the aviation system include:

Why

Errors are detected in real time by the crew (the pilot monitoring's primary job), by ATC (read-back errors, altitude deviations) and by aircraft systems (configuration warnings, EGPWS, TCAS, altitude alerts); after the event they are detected by flight data monitoring programmes, LOSA observations, incident reports under Part 12, internal hazard reports and audits. Each detection channel feeds the SMS so that patterns are found before they produce an accident. Reference: syllabus 34.52.14; ICAO Doc 9683; ICAO Doc 9859; CAR Part 12.

Choose an answerSyllabus 34.52.14

CPL · Syllabus 34.24.2Question 2 / 3

Positive G (+Gz) acceleration affects the body by:

Why

Under sustained +Gz (head to foot) the heart cannot maintain arterial pressure at eye and brain level: at about 3.5-4.5 G peripheral vision greys out and narrows, then vision is lost (black-out) while the pilot remains conscious, and at higher or more rapidly applied G (around 5 G and above for an unprotected, relaxed pilot) consciousness is lost (G-LOC) with a period of confusion on recovery. Tolerance is reduced by fatigue, dehydration, hypoxia, alcohol, illness and heat, and improved by the anti-G straining manoeuvre and G-suits. Reference: syllabus 34.24.2 and 34.24.4; ICAO Doc 8984; FAA PHAK.

Choose an answerSyllabus 34.24.2

CPL · Syllabus 34.8.6Question 3 / 3

The circulatory system consists of:

Why

The heart's right side pumps de-oxygenated blood to the lungs (pulmonary circulation) and the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body (systemic circulation). Arteries carry blood away from the heart under pressure, capillaries allow oxygen, nutrients and waste to exchange with the tissues, and veins return blood at low pressure, assisted by valves and muscle action. Blood pressure, heart rate and the distribution of blood are all affected by G forces, stress, dehydration and illness. Reference: syllabus 34.8.6 and 34.8.8; ICAO Doc 8984.

Choose an answerSyllabus 34.8.6

The de-brief

Named, explained, and placed in the syllabus.

The de-brief names the model or the physiology behind each wrong answer and places it in Subject 34, so a wrong answer on error detection sends you to the threat and error management material, not to a general chapter.

After a paid exam it is emailed to you as well, so it is still there the night before the real sitting.

The Flying Kiwi · Knowledge deficiency reportCPL Human Factors

Result

83%33 of 40 correct · pass mark 70%

What you missed

Q18 Stress in oneself or a colleague can be identified by:

What you picked

Your answerThe person's total flying hours for the month, because stress is directly proportional to the number of hours flown

CorrectPhysical signs (tension, headaches, poor sleep), mood change (irritability, anxiety), poor concentration and indecision, and behaviour change

Why

Stress shows in the body (muscle tension, headache, indigestion, palpitations, disturbed sleep, tiredness), in mood (anxiety, irritability, depression, loss of humour), in thinking (narrowed attention, poor memory, indecision,…

Revise

Syllabus 34.38.10 · Human Factors · AC61-5

What the exam covers

Subject 34, thirty-three sub-topics.

Where a topic has an accepted model or a number, the rationale gives it: the figures for hypoxia onset, the stages of sleep, the elements of TEM.

Airmanship, professionalism and responsibility
Human factors models and programmes
The atmosphere, circulation and respiration
Hypoxia, hyperventilation, entrapped gases and decompression sickness
Vision, hearing, balance and spatial orientation
G forces, motion sickness, flight anxiety and fitness to fly
Alcohol, drugs, blood donation and environmental hazards
Stress, sleep, fatigue and ageing
Information processing, situational awareness, judgement and decision making
Social psychology, flight deck management and threat and error management
Culture and flight deck design: controls, displays, alerts, documents and procedures
First aid and survival

Watch for

Where the marks go in CPL Human Factors.

The vocabulary of TEM: threats, errors and undesired aircraft states, and the countermeasures that go with each.
Hypoxia by altitude: the time of useful consciousness figures and the symptom order are asked as facts.
Circadian rhythm, sleep debt and the effect of time-zone changes on alertness.
Design questions: what makes a control, a display or a checklist error-tolerant. These are new at CPL and easy to skip in study.

Preparation

How to prepare for CPL Human Factors.

The widest Human Factors syllabus you will sit. Roughly a third of it is new since the PPL, and it is the new third that people leave unread.

Map the syllabus first. Professionalism, human factors programmes, threat and error management, culture, and flight deck and procedure design are all new at CPL.
Learn TEM as a system: threats, errors, undesired aircraft states, and the countermeasures at each stage. Questions are phrased in that vocabulary.
Physiology with numbers: time of useful consciousness by altitude, the G tolerance figures, the sleep stages. Learn them as a list and revise the list.
Design questions are the ones people skip: what makes a control, a display, a checklist or a procedure error-tolerant. They are easy marks once read.

Human Factors questions

Questions about this exam.

If yours is not here, email support.

Our exam is 40 questions in 90 minutes, matched to the Aspeq CPL sitting. Pass mark 70%.

The physiology overlaps, but Subject 34 adds professionalism, human factors programmes, threat and error management in depth, culture, and flight deck and procedure design. About a third of the syllabus is new.

Yes. CPL bundles are issued as a set with one, two or three codes for each of the six subjects, so a bundle always includes Human Factors codes.

How it works

Sit CPL Human Factors here, timed like the real exam.

Forty questions in ninety minutes gives you time to think, which is exactly when a loose definition shows. Sit it here to tighten them.

01Buy a code

Checkout takes a minute on Stripe and the code is emailed instantly. A single works on any CPL subject; bundles arrive as a set with codes for every subject.

02Sit the exam

40 questions on a 90-minute clock, drawn fresh from the Human Factors bank. Bookmark, skip, come back, submit when you are done. Progress survives a dropped connection.

03Read the de-brief

Score and pass or fail on screen straight away, then the full de-brief by email: every question you got wrong, what you chose, the correct answer, the reasoning and the syllabus reference to revise.

Before the real one

Sit CPL Human Factors here first. Then sit it for real.

Forty questions across all thirty-three sub-topics, every wrong answer explained with the model behind it. For $9.99 you find the third of the syllabus you have not met yet.

The same format as the Aspeq sitting: 40 questions, 90 minutes, 70% to pass.
Drawn fresh from 339 Human Factors questions each time, options shuffled. Never the same exam twice.
Every wrong answer explained, with the syllabus reference to revise, on screen and by email.
Code emailed instantly. Sit it tonight or in three months; unused codes never expire.

40 questions · 90 minutes · 70% to pass

$9.99CPL Human Factors examNZD · one full-length exam · Other NZ practice exams typically charge about $12.00

Or a set for every subject: Starter 6 codes $49.99, Plus 12 codes $89.99, Complete 18 codes $119.99.

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The other CPL exams

Subject 16Air Law Subject 20Meteorology Subject 26General Aircraft Technical Knowledge Subject 18Flight Navigation General Subject 22Principles of Flight & Performance

CPL Human Factors exam40 questions · 90 min · $9.99Sit it now