GS 165 kt for 220 NM. The missing value (to the nearest whole unit) is:Factors to consider when selecting the cruising altitude include:TAS is affected by pressure altitude, air temperature and air density in that:GS 110 kt for 51 minutes. The missing value (to the nearest whole unit) is:50 US gallons of fuel with a specific gravity of 0.72. Its mass is approximately:Local mean time (LMT) is defined as:180 litres of fuel with a specific gravity of 0.72. Its mass is approximately:Track 360, TAS 135 kt, wind 090/30 kt. The heading to steer and the groundspeed are approximately:70 litres were consumed in 140 minutes. The burn rate is:The legal minimum fuel reserve for a VFR aeroplane flight in New Zealand is:The fuel consumption rate for a leg is derived from the aircraft flight manual by:On New Zealand aeronautical charts, relief is indicated by:Convert 45 imperial gallons to litres. The result is approximately:Longitude 167 degrees E, 1830 UTC. The LMT is:Heading 180 (true) at TAS 140 kt for 18 minutes with a wind of 090/30. The DR position is approximately:Heading 060 (true) at TAS 130 kt for 24 minutes with a wind of 320/25. The DR position is approximately:Heading 220, TAS 140 kt; the track made good is 228 and the groundspeed 118 kt. The wind velocity is approximately:Convert 2330 NZST to UTC. The result is:A VFR flight cruising below 13 000 ft on a magnetic track of exactly 269 degrees should, under rule 91.313, use:Legs of 30 + 30 + 30 + 30 minutes at 36 L/h, day VFR, with 6 L for start and taxi. The minimum fuel at engine start is:Usable fuel 210 litres, burn rate 60 litres per hour. The endurance is:Usable fuel 96 litres, burn rate 32 litres per hour. The endurance is:The expected fuel burn on a leg is calculated by:Heading 200, TAS 135 kt, track made good 193, groundspeed 122 kt. The wind is approximately:Heading 135, TAS 150 kt, track made good 127, groundspeed 140 kt. The wind is approximately:A VFR flight cruising below 13 000 ft on a magnetic track of exactly 000 degrees should, under rule 91.313, use:20 NM along a 80 NM leg the aircraft is 3 NM off track. To reach the destination the pilot should:True heading 180, variation 25 degrees E, deviation 1 degrees W. The magnetic and compass headings are:An aircraft has flown 45 NM from its set-heading point and a fix shows it 3 NM left of track. The track error is:45 litres were consumed in 80 minutes. The burn rate is:Track 085, TAS 155 kt, wind 010/35 kt. The heading to steer and the groundspeed are approximately:Heading 250, TAS 125 kt, track made good 262, groundspeed 105 kt. The wind is approximately:40 imperial gallons of fuel with a specific gravity of 0.8. Its mass is approximately:Convert 320 km to nautical miles. The result is approximately:If lost or unsure of position the recommended technique is to:48 NM along a 120 NM leg the aircraft is 6 NM off track. To reach the destination the pilot should:Track 110, TAS 120 kt, W/V 200/35. Heading and groundspeed are approximately:Heading 010, TAS 125 kt; the track made good is 018 and the groundspeed 110 kt. The wind velocity is approximately:An aircraft has flown 75 NM from its set-heading point and a fix shows it 5 NM left of track. The track error is:Convert 0615 NZDT to UTC. The result is:True heading 270, variation 21 degrees E, deviation 4 degrees E. The magnetic and compass headings are:The units of distance used in aviation and their applications are:60 litres were consumed in 96 minutes. The burn rate is:Track 070, TAS 140 kt, W/V 120/30. Heading and groundspeed are approximately:CAS 138 kt at pressure altitude 7500 ft with OAT +12 degrees C. The TAS is approximately:GS 135 kt for 84 NM. The missing value (to the nearest whole unit) is:Convert -4 degrees F to Celsius. The result is approximately:Track 210, TAS 120 kt, wind 270/35 kt. The heading to steer and the groundspeed are approximately:Convert 77 degrees F to Celsius. The result is approximately:Legs of 65 + 44 minutes at 48 L/h, night VFR, with 10 L for start and taxi. The minimum fuel at engine start is:Under rule 91.313, a VFR flight cruising below 13 000 ft on a magnetic track of 135 degrees should use:When cruising at a flight level, true and indicated altitudes are related in that:Usable fuel 180 litres, burn rate 42 litres per hour. The endurance is:RAIM predictions are significant because:Track 275, TAS 125 kt, wind 340/25 kt. The heading to steer and the groundspeed are approximately:Track 120, TAS 145 kt, wind 180/30 kt. The heading to steer and the groundspeed are approximately:Convert 150 NM to kilometres. The result is approximately:At longitude 168 degrees E, when it is 0845 UTC the local mean time is:Heading 300, TAS 130 kt, track made good 292, groundspeed 148 kt. The wind is approximately:30 litres used in 45 minutes gives a burn rate of:Under rule 91.313, a VFR flight cruising below 13 000 ft on a magnetic track of 315 degrees should use:Factors to consider when selecting alternate routes and destination alternates include:Longitude 176 degrees E, 1200 UTC. The LMT is:Heading 355, TAS 145 kt, track made good 003, groundspeed 160 kt. The wind is approximately:When deriving track distances and bearings from a chart, the processes, cautions and limitations include:True heading 210, variation 24 degrees E, deviation 3 degrees E. The magnetic and compass headings are:The three vectors of the triangle of velocities are:Heading 095, TAS 130 kt; the track made good is 088 and the groundspeed 142 kt. The wind velocity is approximately:Track 015, TAS 120 kt, wind 270/30 kt. The heading to steer and the groundspeed are approximately:CAS 148 kt at pressure altitude 8500 ft with OAT -8 degrees C. The TAS is approximately:GS 150 kt for 116 NM. The missing value (to the nearest whole unit) is:Legs of 38 + 52 + 27 minutes at 42 L/h, day VFR, with 8 L for start and taxi. The minimum fuel at engine start is:

Home / CPL exams / Navigation

Commercial Pilot Licence · Subject 18, AC61-5

NZ CPL Flight Navigation General exam.

CPL Nav is the long exam: 45 questions in three hours, and almost all of it is computation. Heading and groundspeed from a wind, fuel from a leg time and a burn rate, point of no return and equal time point, time-zone arithmetic, altimetry corrections and the 1-in-60 rule, with chart reading and GNSS theory around them. Our bank of 250 questions covers all 19 sub-topics of Subject 18 of AC61-5.

45questions180minutes70%pass mark250in the bank

55syllabus items tested · the questions in the background are from the bank

Sit a CPL Navigation exam · $9.99 The CPL exams, explained

Try three

Heading, groundspeed, fuel and time.

CPL Nav is computation with a chart on the side. These three are fuel planning, the wind triangle and the point of no return; the de-brief below converts a true heading to compass.

Answer each one and you see what the de-brief shows after a paid exam: the correct option, the reasoning and the syllabus item it came from.

0 of 3 answered

CPL · Syllabus 18.46.6Question 1 / 3

A VFR day cross-country leg of 80 minutes at 36 litres per hour, with 8 litres for start and taxi and the legal reserve. The minimum fuel required at engine start is:

Why

Trip fuel = 80/60 x 36 = 48 L; rule 91.305 requires an aeroplane to carry fuel to fly for a further 30 minutes after the first point of intended landing by day = 30/60 x 36 = 18 L; plus start and taxi 8 L: total 74 L. Operators commonly add a contingency and alternate fuel, but the legal minimum is the figure shown. Reference: syllabus 18.46.6, 18.46.8; CAR 91.305.

Choose an answerSyllabus 18.46.6

CPL · Syllabus 18.34.4Question 2 / 3

Track 070, TAS 140 kt, W/V 120/30. Heading and groundspeed are approximately:

Why

Wind correction angle = +9 degrees (drift 9 degrees left), so heading = 079; groundspeed = 119 kt (headwind component about 21 kt). Check the sense: the heading is turned into wind, toward the side the wind is coming from. Reference: syllabus 18.34.4; FAA-H-8083-25 Ch. 16.

Choose an answerSyllabus 18.34.4

CPL · Syllabus 18.58.2Question 3 / 3

Safe endurance (excluding reserves) 5 hours, groundspeed out 125 kt, groundspeed home 145 kt. The distance and time to the point of no return are:

Why

Distance to PNR = E x GS(out) x GS(home) / (GS(out) + GS(home)) = 5 x 125 x 145 / 270 = 336 NM; time to PNR = distance / GS(out) = 161 minutes (check: time home = 139 minutes, total 300 = 300 minutes of endurance). The PNR is the furthest point from which the aircraft can return to its departure aerodrome with the required reserves intact. Reference: syllabus 18.58.2(a); FAA-H-8083-25 Ch. 16.

Choose an answerSyllabus 18.58.2

The de-brief

Every calculation, worked to the step.

For every numerical question you get wrong, the de-brief shows the working step by step, so you can find the exact line where it went wrong: the reserve you forgot, the drift applied the wrong way, the groundspeed used where TAS was needed.

After a paid exam it is emailed to you as well, so it is still there the night before the real sitting.

The Flying Kiwi · Knowledge deficiency reportCPL Navigation

Result

82%37 of 45 correct · pass mark 70%

What you missed

Q21 True heading 270, variation 21 degrees E, deviation 4 degrees E. The magnetic and compass headings are:

What you picked

Your answerMagnetic 249, compass 253

CorrectMagnetic 249, compass 245

Why

'Variation east, magnetic least': magnetic = true - easterly variation = 270 - 21 = 249. 'Deviation east, compass least': compass = magnetic - easterly deviation (or + westerly) = 249 - 4 = 245. The order is true, variation,…

Revise

Syllabus 18.44.2 · Flight Navigation General · AC61-5

What the exam covers

Subject 18, three hours of computation.

Every numerical answer in the de-brief is a worked solution, so a wrong answer is diagnosed to the step, not just marked.

The form of the earth, direction, distance, speed and velocity
Position referencing and altimetry
Time: UTC, local time, sunrise and sunset
Chart properties, principles and chart reading
Navigation computations on the flight computer
The triangle of velocities
Route selection, chart and plan preparation
Fuel planning with reserves and contingency
VFR flight navigation and special procedures
Point of no return and equal time point
En route diversion calculations
Global Navigation Satellite Systems

Watch for

Where the marks go in CPL Nav.

PNR and ETP with different groundspeeds out and home. Learn the formulas, then check the answer is closer to the slower end.
Fuel: the legal reserve is 30 minutes by day and 45 by night under rule 91.305, and the question tells you which applies.
Compass heading from true heading: variation then deviation, east least both times.
Latest time of departure and time of arrival across the date line or the daylight-saving change.

Preparation

How to prepare for CPL Navigation.

Three hours, forty-five questions, most of them worked. Fluency on the flight computer is the exam; everything else is knowing which formula the question is really asking for.

Whiz-wheel fluency first: time, speed and distance, fuel, the wind triangle, conversions. Drill until you do them without narrating.
Learn PNR and ETP as formulas and as ideas, then sanity-check every answer: the equal time point always moves into wind.
Fuel questions hinge on the reserve, 30 minutes by day and 45 by night under rule 91.305, and on reading whether taxi fuel is included.
Sit the whole three hours at least once before the real thing, so you know where your concentration dips and what you do about it.

Navigation questions

Questions about this exam.

If yours is not here, email support.

Our exam is 45 questions in 180 minutes, matched to the Aspeq CPL Flight Navigation General sitting. Pass mark 70%.

Most are. Roughly four in five questions in the bank need the flight computer or a calculator; the rest cover chart theory, GNSS and procedures.

Each stem states them: 1 US gallon = 3.785 litres, 1 kg = 2.205 lb, AVGAS specific gravity 0.72, 30 ft per hPa and 120 ft per degree of ISA deviation for altimetry.

How it works

Sit CPL Navigation here, timed like the real exam.

Three hours, forty-five questions, most of them worked. Sit it here first, because the pace is a skill of its own.

01Buy a code

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02Sit the exam

45 questions on a 180-minute clock, drawn fresh from the Navigation bank. Bookmark, skip, come back, submit when you are done. Progress survives a dropped connection.

03Read the de-brief

Score and pass or fail on screen straight away, then the full de-brief by email: every question you got wrong, what you chose, the correct answer, the reasoning and the syllabus reference to revise.

Before the real one

Sit CPL Navigation here first. Then sit it for real.

Forty-five questions, three hours, every calculation worked step by step in the de-brief, for $9.99. The pace of a three-hour exam is something you can only learn by sitting one.

The same format as the Aspeq sitting: 45 questions, 180 minutes, 70% to pass.
Drawn fresh from 250 Navigation questions each time, options shuffled. Never the same exam twice.
Every wrong answer explained, with the syllabus reference to revise, on screen and by email.
Code emailed instantly. Sit it tonight or in three months; unused codes never expire.

45 questions · 180 minutes · 70% to pass

$9.99CPL Navigation examNZD · one full-length exam · Other NZ practice exams typically charge about $12.00

Or a set for every subject: Starter 6 codes $49.99, Plus 12 codes $89.99, Complete 18 codes $119.99.

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CPL Navigation exam45 questions · 180 min · $9.99Sit it now